An Adaptive Hybrid Blockchain-IPFS Governance Framework for Scalable and Transparent Public Administration

Abstract

The accelerated digitization of government service has heightened the demand to have safe, open, and even expandable governance systems. The traditional centralized infrastructures are characterized by single points of failure, risk to manipulate data, and low auditability. Despite the benefits of blockchain technology, such as immutability and distributed trust, storing large governance documents directly on-chain will result in the rapid increase of ledger growth, reduced throughput, and longer latency of transactions. In order to overpower with these limitations, this paper proposes an Adaptive Hybrid Blockchain-IPFS Governance Framework which dynamically optimizes the storage of documents through an intelligent decision mechanism. The proposed architecture combines a permissioned blockchain network with the InterPlanetary File System (IPFS), which stores only the cryptographic content identifiers (CIDs) on-chain, and the full documents off-chain. A storage optimization algorithm (as an adaptive algorithm) is used to decide the location of storage on the basis of document size, level of sensitivity, and frequency of access. Ledger growth, transaction latency and throughput mathematical models are created to measure scalability. Under transaction loads of 50 to 200 TPS, experimental evaluation shows more than 99 percent reduction in on-chain storage, about 2830 percent throughput improvement, and an almost 34 percent reduction in latency under transaction loads compared to the case of a fixed blockchain governance model. The fact that the proposed system outperforms and architecturally benefits other land lease governance frameworks that have been built with blockchain would serve as further validation that the proposed system outperforms and is architecturally advantaged compared to other land lease governance frameworks that have been built with blockchain. The findings affirm that hybrid decentralization with adaptive storage logic has the potential to offer a scalable and efficient solution to the real-world application of digital governance