The Rise of Phishing and Vishing in Digital Payments: An Analytical Review of NCRB Data (2016–2025)

Abstract

This study looks into the developing tendencies of phishing and vishing scams in India's digital payments ecosystem between 2016 and 2025, with the goal of providing a data-driven understanding and practical insights.  The research goals include reviewing longitudinal crime data from the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB), determining the financial impact, investigating geographical and demographic differences, investigating fraud tactics, and assessing the efficiency of present preventive measures.  The study takes a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative analysis of secondary NCRB and industry data with qualitative primary data gathered through surveys and interviews with stakeholders such as victims, financial institutions, and cyber security specialists.

Key findings show a strong increase in phishing and vishing attacks, with recorded occurrences more than twofold over the decade and considerable financial losses totaling several hundred crores INR per year.  The data finds regional hotspots with disproportionately high fraud rates, as well as gaps in user knowledge and enforcement measures.  The study emphasizes the sophistication of fraud schemes that employ social engineering and upcoming technologies.  To counteract these developing threats, recommendations emphasize the importance of improved AI-powered security, tougher legislation, comprehensive user education, and multi-stakeholder collaboration.

Overall, this study provides a solid empirical foundation and diverse insights for policymakers, financial service providers, and cybersecurity practitioners charged with securing India's fast developing digital payment environment.