Dexamethasone in Viral Infections: Therapeutic Potential and Challenges

Abstract

Dexamethasone, a synthetic glucocorticoid, has shown promise as a treatment for hyperinflammatory responses to COVID-19. It is widely used due to its anti-inflammatory properties and rapid immune response and has been shown to reduce mortality in severe cases through cytokine storms, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and lung injury. Dexamethasone is effective in terms of its anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties as well. Used clinically to reduce long-term health effects after recovery from COVID-19. Uncontrolled cytokine storms and dampening of immunosuppressive pathways have shown therapeutic promise in reducing mortality, especially in severe cases with 6 mg of dexamethasone daily. This therapy and mortality are remarkably low in mechanically ventilated patients. Nanodexamethasone is a nanoscale formulation of dexamethasone designed to reinforce bioavailability, targeting performance, and regulated release. It improves solubility, allows focused drug delivery, reduces systemic toxicity, and provides Controlled release, Lowering toxicity and dosage intervals. In addition, dexamethasone nanoformulations may enhance its potential efficacy and offer a promising strategy for improved therapeutic outcomes.