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African Journal of Science and Engineering
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African Journal of Science and Engineering
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Manuscripts should be submitted by one of the authors of the manuscript through the online Submission System. Only electronic Word (.doc, .docx, .rtf) files can be submitted through the Online Submission System. Submissions by anyone other than one of the authors will not be accepted. The submitting author takes responsibility for the manuscript during submission and peer review. If online submission is not possible due to any technical problems, the author can submit to info@svedbergopen.com.
Manuscripts must be submitted on the understanding that they have not been submitted/published elsewhere and are only being considered by this journal. The submitting author is responsible for ensuring that the article’s publication has been approved by all the other co-authors. It is a condition of submission that the authors permit editing of the manuscript for readability. All enquiries concerning the publication should be addressed to info@svedbergopen.com.
Research Articles
Research articles should present the results of an original research study. These manuscripts should describe how the research work was conducted and provide a thorough analysis of the results of the research work. Systematic reviews may be submitted as research articles.
Review Articles
A review article provides an overview of the published literature in a particular subject area.
Short Communications
The article type typically known as short communication is an option for authors who want to share their results in short form with the research community.
The manuscript should be prepared in English using “MS Word” with 1 inch margin on all sides (Top, Bottom, Left and Right) of the page. “Book Antiqua” font should be used. The font size should be of 12pt, but the main title heading should be of 14pt. All plant and microorganisms scientific names should be written in italic. All research articles should be typed with 1.5 spacing and should have the following sections: Title page, Abstract, Key words, Introduction, Materials and Methods, Results and Discussion, Conclusion, Conflict of Interest, Acknowledgment (if any) and References.
The title should be in a clear, descriptive and concise manner-not too long, which should then be followed by the author name, the institution name and address by indicating suitable superscripts.
• The full title of the paper without abbreviations. The title should be as brief and informative as possible, specifying clearly the content of the article.
• List the full names, institutional address and email address of all the authors indicating the corresponding author in asterisk mark (*).
• Corresponding author contact information (address, telephone, e-mail).
• Paper Title: First letter capital. 14 point type, Bold
• Author(s): First letter capital, 12 point type, Bold
• Affiliation(s): Word case, 10 point type
It should be after the title page and should be typed in single-space to distinguish it from the Introduction and it should not exceed 150 words. Abstract should clearly presents objectives, methods, results and conclusion.
It should be a concise statement of the background to the work presented, including relevant earlier work, suitably referenced. It should be started in a separate page after abstract.
All important materials and equipment’s, the manufacturer’s name and, if possible, the location should be provided. The main methods used shall be briefly described, citing references. New methods or substantially modified methods may be described in sufficient detail. The statistical method and the level of significance chosen shall be clearly stated.
The important results of the work should be clearly stated and illustrated, where necessary, by tables and figures. Results and discussion may be separate or combined based on the author’s requirement. The statistical treatment of data and significance level of the factors should be stated wherever necessary. The interpreted results should be explained clearly in discussions and should relate them to the existing knowledge in the field as clearly as possible. Tables, Graphs and figures (Illustrations) should be inserted at the end of the manuscript and should have appropriate numbers and titles with an explanatory heading. Must cite all the tables, figures, and graphs in the text wherever appropriate. Color photographs and illustrations (line drawings, halftones, photos, photomicrographs etc) must be clean originals. Those photographs must be clear and sharp. Digital files are recommended for highest quality reproduction and should follow the following guidelines.
•300dpi or higher sized to fit journal page
• JPEG, GIF, TIFF and PDF formats are preferred. Tables should be cited consecutively in the text. Every table must have a descriptive title and if numerical measurements are given, the units should be included in the column heading.
Concisely summarizes the principal conclusions of the work and highlights the wider implications. This section should not merely duplicate the abstract.
Authors must declare all relevant interests that could be perceived as conflicting. Authors should explain why each interest may represent a conflict. If no conflicts exist, the authors should state this. Submitting authors are responsible for co-authors declaring their interests.
Acknowledgements as well as information regarding funding sources may be provided.
APA (American Psychological Association) style of reference is the major style guide for the basis of our style of references uses in-text and End-of-text.
For full guide of APA style please click here
Citations in the text should follow the referencing style. Throughout the text of your paper you need to acknowledge the sources used in your writing. Whenever you present a statement of evidence such as a quote, or when you use someone else's ideas, opinions or theories in your own words (paraphrasing), you must acknowledge your sources. Some examples of how to cite sources within your paper are given below.
Single Author
Author's Last name (Year)...."paraphrase"
OR
Paraphrase (Author's Last name, Year)
Example: Smith (2017) shares in his study that fruit flies prefer citrus fruits
Or
Fruit flies prefer citrus fruits (Smith, 2017)
Two authors
Use “and” between authors
Example 1: (Walker and Allen, 2004)
Example 2: According to a study done by Kent and Giles (2017)
Three or more authors
(Germann et al., 2015).
With an Anonymous author
(Anonymous, 2016).
One author, multiple works published in the same year
If the year of publication is the same for both add 'a' and 'b' after the year.
(Rush, 2015a, 2015b).
Two or more references in in-text citation
If you need to cite two or more references in an in-text citation
(Allen, 2004; Smith, 1999; Tsvetkova, 2018).
A reference list includes details of the sources cited in your paper. It starts on a separate page at the end of the paper and is titled References. The reference list should sort in alphabetical order.
Examples of Reference Style
Reference to a journal publication:
Single Author
Geman, F. (2015). The chief marketing officer atters. Journal of Marketing, 79(3), 1–22.
Two Authors
Horowitz, L.M., and Post, D.L. (1981). The prototype as a construct in abnormal psychology. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 90(6), 575-585
Three or more authors
Use "and" before the final author.
Germann, F., Ebbes, P., and Grewal, R. (2015). The chief marketing officer atters. Journal of Marketing, 79(3), 1–22.
Journal article with DOI
Cavenagh, N., and Ramadurai, R. (2017). On the distances between Latin squares
and the smallest defining set size. Journal of Combinatorial Designs, 25(4), 147–158. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcd.21529
For Books
King, M. (2000). Wrestling with the angel: A life of Janet Frame. Auckland, New Zealand: Viking.
Dancey, C.P., and Reidy, J. (2004). Statistics without maths for psychology: Using SPSS for Windows (3rd ed.). Harlow, England: Pearson/Prentice Hall.
Book chapter in edited book
Kestly, T. (2010). Group sandplay in elementary schools. In A.A. Drewes and C.E. Shaefer (Eds.), School-based play therapy (2nd ed., pp. 257-282). Hoboken, NJ: John Wileys & Sons.
Conference paper online
Bochner, S. (1996, November). Mentoring in higher education: Issues to be addressed in developing a mentoring program. Paper presented at the Australian Association for Research in Education Conference, Singapore. Retrieved from http://www.aare.edu.au/96pap/bochs96018.txt
Webpage
New Zealand Trade and Enterprise. (n.d.). Agribusiness. Retrieved from https://www.nzte.govt.nz/en/export/market-research/agribusiness/
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